CEPLJENJA – POGLEDI, KOLEDAR, ČLANKI
Draga Tanc –
nasla sem povezavo na clanek o (ne)zvezi med MMR cepivom in avtizmom. Se spomnim, da je bila pred casom ena od mam zaskrbljena na to temo, pa posiljam link, ce bo katero pomiril.
Pozdrav!
http://www.babycenter.com/404_does-the-mmr-vaccine-put-my-child-at-greater-risk-for-autism_11518.bc
Does the MMR vaccine put my child at greater risk for autism?
Expert Answers
Paul Offit, infectious disease expert
There’s clear evidence that the MMR vaccine does not cause autism. Autism, a serious developmental disorder that causes problems in communication, social interaction, and behavior, has been on the rise since the 1970s and, by some estimates, now affects one in 160 children in the United States. No one knows what causes the condition or why it’s becoming more prevalent, so parents are understandably alarmed.
Concern about a link between the MMR vaccine and autism began in 1998, after the British medical journal The Lancet published a study connecting the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine with autism. The researchers were investigating the theory that intestinal problems, like Crohn’s disease, can result from viral infection and can contribute to the development of autism. The study was very small, however (only 12 children participated), and has since been called into question by several of the original researchers.
Another British study, published in 2002, seemed to suggest an association between measles (not necessarily the vaccine), intestinal bowel disease, and autism or related developmental disorders.
In that study, researchers found measles virus fragments in 75 of 91 children with intestinal bowel disease. Traces of measles were found in only five of the 70 controls. But the way the study was designed made it impossible to know whether the MMR vaccine caused the bowel disease and developmental delays or if the association was a coincidence.
In 2004, a much larger study in The Lancet compared 1,294 children with autistic spectrum disorders with 4,469 unaffected children and concluded that the MMR vaccination doesn’t raise the risk of autism or other autism spectrum disorders.
A number of other studies have compared the incidence of autism among children who received the MMR vaccine and those who didn’t, and concluded that autism isn’t more common in vaccinated children.. Ten studies performed on three continents involving tens of thousands of children have now clearly shown that MMR does not cause autism.
Most experts think that autism may be at least partly genetic, and point out that there’s no plausible way for a vaccine to trigger it. After all, there’s no known connection between measles, mumps, or rubella and autism. It doesn’t make sense that a vaccine would cause a condition that the disease itself doesn’t cause, since a vaccine is essentially a symptomless infection.
It’s also important to point out that the MMR vaccine never contained thimerosal, the mercury-based preservative that some people believe may be linked with autism. (Thimerosal has now been removed from all childhood vaccines except the flu vaccine, so it’s no longer a concern.) Nevertheless, the Centers for Disease Control continues research in this area to try and resolve the issue.
Pa še slovenski članek:
http://vestnik.szd.si/st09-1/st09-1.htm
Kliknite na: MOŽNI VPLIV ŽIVEGA SREBRA NA PATOGENEZO AVTIZMA
Pa še novi podatki, kjer ponovno dokazujejo, da ni nobene povezave med cepljenjem proti OMR in avtizmom, ne glede na čas cepljenja.
http://edition.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/02/02/lancet.retraction.autism/index.html
February 2, 2010 — The venerable British medical journal The Lancet has retracted a 1998 study suggesting a link between autism and childhood vaccination with the measles-mumps-rubella MMR vaccine.
The Lancet tells WebMD that it has retracted “10 or 15” studies in its 186-year history. The retraction follows the finding of the U.K. General Medical Council (GMC) that says study leader Andrew Wakefield, MD, and two colleagues acted “dishonestly” and “irresponsibly” in conducing their research.
The Lancet specifically refers to claims made in the paper that the 12 children in the study were consecutive patients that appeared for treatment, when the GMC found that several had been selected especially for the study. The paper also claimed that the study was approved by the appropriate ethics committee, when the GMC found it had not been.
“We fully retract this paper from the published record,” The Lancet editors say in a news release.
The retraction means the study will no longer be considered an official part of the scientific literature.
BMJ, formerly known as the British Medical Journal, has competed with The Lancet since 1840. BMJ editor Fiona Godlee says she welcomes the Lancet retraction.
“This will help to restore faith in this globally important vaccine and in the integrity of the scientific literature,” Godlee says in a news release.
In 2004, 10 of Wakefield’s 13 co-authors disavowed the findings of the 1998 study. Although the study never claimed to have definitively proven a link between the MMR vaccine and autism, sensational media reports ignited a public panic. MMR vaccinations fell dramatically.
More rigorous studies have found no link between autism and the MMR vaccine. Last year, the U.S. “vaccine court” rejected U.S. lawsuits claiming that there was a plausible link between the vaccine and autism.
Wakefield continues to proclaim his innocence and defends his earlier work. He now resides in Texas, where he is executive director of an alternative medicine center for autism treatment and research.
SOURCES:
The Lancet, published online Feb. 2, 2010.
News release, The Lancet.
News release, BMJ.
Thoughtful House web site.
General Medical Counsel: “Fitness to Practise Panel Hearing, 28 January 2010.”
http://www.babycenter.com/204_new-childhood-vaccine-schedules-released_10326110.bc?scid=adhoc_20100226_healthalert:6&pe=2TTIDCE
New childhood vaccine schedules released
Mon, Jan 4, 2010 (HealthDay News) — Boys should get the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine to protect them against genital warts, and all children should receive the H1N1 vaccine to guard against swine flu, according to updated guidelines on childhood and teen vaccines.
The new vaccine schedules — issued by the American Academy of Pediatrics, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Family Physicians — also recommend using combination vaccines whenever possible.
“These are life-threatening illness that vaccines prevent, and if you have a combination vaccine that’s safe and effective and requires one less stick for your child and one less trip to the doctor, it makes sense to me — as a father — to think about that,” said Dr. David W. Kimberlin, a professor of pediatrics and co-director of the division of pediatric infectious diseases at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Kimberlin is a member of the committee that created the new immunization schedules.
The new vaccine schedules are published in the January issue of Pediatrics and online on Jan. 4.
The most significant changes are:
* A recommendation that children older than 6 months receive the H1N1 influenza vaccine.
* A newly licensed HPV vaccine for girls, known as HPV2, to protect them from cervical cancer, which can be caused by certain strains of HPV. Girls should get their first dose of either the HPV2 or the earlier HPV4 vaccine, which is still considered effective, around age 11 or 12.
* A suggestion that a three-dose series of the HPV4 vaccine can be given to boys between 9 and 18 years old to prevent genital warts.
* A statement that the use of combination vaccines are generally preferred over separate injections.
* The need to revaccinate some high-risk children who have already received the meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4). Kids at high risk tend to be those with immune system disorders. Booster shots aren’t recommended for those whose only risk factor is living in a dormitory setting, according to the new vaccine schedules.
Overall, Kimberlin said he thinks most parents are following these recommended schedules and protecting their children against what can be life-threatening illnesses. However, “parents are inundated with misinformation or incomplete information about vaccinations,” he noted. “And, with all the noise out there, people start thinking there might be something to what they’re hearing.”
Dr. Michael Green, an infectious disease specialist at Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, said that although most children are vaccinated, “there is a fairly large cohort of kids who don’t receive optimal immunizations either for religious reasons, or their parents don’t believe in immunizations because of health concerns, such as a fear of autism.”
But the data has consistently shown that the measles vaccine doesn’t cause autism, he said. Measles, on the other hand, can cause brain damage, or even kill children, explained Green. And, while some parents may think that they don’t have to worry about these diseases because most U.S. children are vaccinated, an outbreak for unvaccinated children might be only a plane ride away. Last spring, said Green, someone visiting from another country brought measles with them. They were in close proximity to an unvaccinated American family who then contracted the measles. The outbreak ended quickly and without any serious consequences, but others might be more severe, he warned.
“People forget that when there used to be measles that kids died, or they ended up with brain damage. The risk-to-benefit ratios with today’s vaccines are tremendously slanted to the benefit side. And yet, between every one to three months, I see a child with a vaccine-preventable illness,” said Green.
“The vaccines we have today are the safest vaccines we’ve ever had, and I hope that parents recognize that it is a matter of life and death, and that they choose to do everything they can to protect their children,” said Kimberlin. “Time and time again, when immunization rates fall, diseases come back, and then the immunization rates go up again.”
in:
Another study refutes vaccination-autism link
Fri, Feb 12, 2010 (HealthDay News) — One more study finds that the measles vaccine — given alone or as part of the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine — does not increase the risk of autism in children.
The new findings come about a week after The Lancet retracted a 1998 study suggesting that the MMR vaccine contributes to autism risk. At the time, the Lancet study alarmed many parents and led to major declines in measles and MMR vaccination rates in some places.
In the new study, Polish researchers compared 96 children with autism with 192 children who did not have the disorder, looking for any relationship between measles vaccination and autism.
They found no evidence that children who were vaccinated for measles vaccine — either in a separate shot or as part of the MMR vaccination — were more likely to develop autism. The researchers said they reached their conclusion after adjusting for autism risk factors, including mother’s age and education, length of gestation, medications during pregnancy and the child’s condition after birth.
In fact, vaccinated children were found to be less likely to develop autism, especially those who’d gotten the MMR vaccine, though that finding could be due to other unmeasured factors affecting the children’s health, according to the researchers.
“For example, health-care workers or parents may have noticed signs of developmental delay before the actual autism diagnosis and, for this reason, have avoided vaccination,” wrote the team, led by Dorota Mrozek-Budzyn, of Jagiellonian University Medical College, in Krakow.
The study appears online and will be published in the May print issue of the Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal.
http://www.ivz.si/Mp.aspx?ni=95&pi=5&_5_id=619&_5_PageIndex=0&_5_groupId=209&_5_newsCategory=&_5_action=ShowNewsFull&pl=95-5.0.
http://www.ivz.si/?ni=32
7. septembere 2010: KONEC RAZPRAV OKOLI AVTIZMA/MMR (slov. OMR) CEPLJENJA?