ANGLEŠČINA – PASSIVE
Najbolje da jih kar tukaj napišeš, mogoče bo še komu v pomoč.
Osnovna formula za Passive Voice je:
oseba (subject) + To Be + 3. oblika glagola (past participle) pri nepravilnih glagolih ali končnica ED pri pravilnih glagolih
Vedeti moraš, da se glagol To Be spreminja glede na slovnični čas, v katerem je stavek (active), ki ga moraš spremeniti v passive.
Pri Present Simple namesto To Be uporabi am/is/are
Pri Present Continuous uporabi am/is/are + BEING
Pri Past Simple uporabi was/were
Pri Past Continuous uporabi was/were + BEING
Pri Present Perfect Simple uporabi have/has + BEEN
Pri Past Perfect uporabi had + BEEN
Pri WILL Future in modalnih glagolih (can, could, would, should, have to, must…) uporabi Will/modalni glagol + BE
Pri Going to Future uporabi am/is/are + going to + BE
Ko pretvarjaš stavke iz aktiva v pasiv, moraš najprej v aktivu poiskati predmet (ta se začne takoj za glagolom), ki je lahko sestavljen iz več besed. Ta predmet iz aktiva postane v pasivu oseba/osebek, potem pa nadaljuješ po formuli za pasiv (napisana zgoraj).
PRESENT SIMPLE V PASSIVE
We need a good solution.
1. A good solution is needed.
They start their work at seven every morning.
2. Their work is started at seven every morning.
Peter never forgets his homework.
3. His homework is never forgotten.
Do you sometimes offer him a drink?
4. Is a drink sometimes offered?
Mandy speaks French very well.
5. French is spoken very well (by Mandy).
You write a lot of letters every week.
6. A lot of letters are written every week.
She sells eggs at the market every week.
7. Eggs are sold in market every week (by her).
Where do you usually spend your holiday?
8. Where are you spent your holiday usually?
They always tell me the truth.
9. The truth is always told.
I ride my bike every day.
10. My bike is ridden every day.
I hardly ever see my daughter.
11. My daughter is ever hardly seen.
I do my homework easily.
12. My homework is done easily.
They always leave the key on the table.
13. The key is always left on the table.
A lot of factories produce this article.
14. This article is produced by a lot of factories.
She closes her shop at seven.
15. Her shop is closed at seven.
16. NOBODY SEES YOU FROM THERE.
______________________________________
They make good carpets.
17. Good carpets are made.
Do they always cook fish there?
18. Is fish always cooked here?
I visit that museum every Friday.
19. That museum is visited every Friday.
She never uses a spoon to eat her soup.
20. A spoon is never used (when she eat her soup).
Peter washes the dishes every afternoon.
21. The dishes are washed every afternoon.
I meet my neighbour every Tuesday.
22. My new neighbour is met every Tuesday.
Does Mandy invite any friends when she has a party?
23. Are friends invited to her party?
I always clean my teeth before sleeping.
24. My teeth are always cleaned before sleeping.
She sometimes copies her HW from her classmates.
25. Her homework is sometimes copied from her classmates.
How do you make cheese?
26. How is cheese made?
Where do they grow rice?
27. Where is rice grown?
ORIGINAL PRIMERI V CONTINUOUS-U: I am cleaning my house at the moment.
My house is BEING cleaned.
She is leaving her house now.
Her house is being left.
What are u doing?
What are you being done?
Look, she is doing the shopping.
The shopping is being done.
Who is watching TV?
Who is being watched TV?
I am touching a fine piece of cloth at the moment.
A fine piece of cloth is being touched.
He is driving his car home.
His car is being driven home.
I am showing my guests into the house.
Into the house is being showed.
Are they looking for a new job?
Is new job looked?
She is fallowing the old lady across the fields.
The old lady is being fallowed across the fields.
Why are they shaking hand with them?
Why are shaking hand shaken?
Look! They are brushing their hair.
(Look!) Their hair is brushed.
She is giving a lesson now.
A lesson is given.
A police car is following the green van.
The green van is being followed (by a police car).
Matthew is repairing Peter’s bicycle.
Peters bicycle is being repaired (by Mathew).
He is driving a fancy new car.
A fancy new car is being driven (by him).
We are bringing you some food.
Some food is being brought TO YOU.
Somebody is opening the front door of my house.
TA PRIMER NAJ BI BIL TAKO:
The front door of my house was being opened.
ZAKAJ PAST CONTINUOUS PASSIVE IN NE PRESENT CONTINUOUS PASSIVE The front door of my house is being opened. !?
Are u winning the match now?
Is the match being won NOW?
She is reading a very popular magazine.
A very popular magazine is being read.
Popravki za prvih 20 primerov:
7. Eggs are sold at the market every week (by her).
Tu si zamenjala predlog. Tvoja varianta ni pravilna, zato bi gotovo izgubila kakšno točko.
8.Where is your holiday usually spent?
Pri tvorbi pasiva vedno v aktive stavku najprej ugotovi, kaj je predmet, na katerega se nanaša povedek. Ta predmet v pasivu zavzame vlogo osebka.
Predmet v prvem stavku je “your holiday” in zato v pasivu zavzame vlogo osebka.
9. The truth is always told to me.
Izpustila si pomemben del stavka.
11. Zakaj si zamenjala besedni red besed hardly in ever? Obrni ga, da bo enak kot v originalnem stavku. Tvoja varianta ni OK.
12. Pasive je OK in mislim, da bi ti tu dobila vse točke, samo jaz bi “done easily” v tvojem stavku vseeno obrnila v easily done. Gre v bistvo za frazo, zato se ti dve besedi poredkoma uporabljata v drugačnem zaporedju (če sploh kdaj).
16. You are not seen from there.
18. Is fish always cooked “there”?
Pazi, da uporabiš iste besede, kot v originalnem stavku in s tem ohraniš pomen. V tvojem primeru si spremenila pomen povedi.
20. A spoon is never used to ear her soup.
Ostalo še dobiš – še preverjam.
Pri 20. primeru sem naredila napako. Pravilno je:
A spoon is never used Vaš link her soup.
Popravki 2. del:
22. My neighbour is met every Tuesday.
Ti si dodala “new”, ki ga v originalnem stavku ni. Ostalo je pravilno.
23. Are any friends invited when she has a party?
To je direkten passive iz originalne povedi. Tvoja poved je malo spremenjena, ampak pomensko in slovnično je pa čisto OK. Dejansko boljša od originala, ampak ne popolnoma enaka. Ne vem, če bi zato izgubila kakšno piko – verjetno odvisno od ocenjevalca. Kot rečeno, passive je popolnoma pravilen.
Vsi neomenjeni oštevilčeni primeri so pravilni.
Dobiš še rešitve za tretji del.
Popravki 3. del:
3. What is being done?
Pri vprašanjih si lahko pomagaš tako, da osnovni stavek najprej pretvoriš v iz vprašalnega v povednega. Tega potem v pasive, ki ga šele nato pretvoriš v vprašalno poved.
V tvojem primeru bi bilo to:
What are you doing? -> You are doing (something). -> (Something) is being done. -> What is being done? (active) (passive)
4. By whom is TV being watched?
Če se ti ta rešitev zdi nenavadna, primer poskusi rešiti s pomočjo povednega stavka. Namesto someone uporabi he ali she.
Če ne gre, sporoči, da podrobneje razložim.
5. A fine piece of cloth is being touched at the moment.
7. Poskusi še enkrat. Predmet so “my guests”.
8. Poskusi še enkrat. Najprej v passive pretvori “They are looking for a new job”, potem pa poskusi pretvoriti v vprašanje.
9. Pravilno je followed in following. Passive je OK.
10. Poskusi še enkrat spomočjo povednega stavka.
11. Their hair is being brushed.
(Original je continuous, ne simple.)
12. A lesson is being given now.
(Enaka napaka kot pri prejšnjem primeru.)
13. Manjka apostrof (Peter’s), ostalo je pravilno.
16. The front of my house is being opened. Ti imaš prav, ostati mora v enakem času, torej v Present Continuous-u. Napaka je v rešitvah.
17. U je dejansko you v original stavku :). Ampak drugače je pa vse pravilno.
We need a good solution.
1. A good solution is needed.
They start their work at seven every morning.
2. Their work is started at seven every morning.
Peter never forgets his homework.
3. His homework is never forgotten. =========Peter’s homework is never forgotten. Ker se na nasa na Petra, ne na nekega nedolocenega njega.
Do you sometimes offer him a drink?
4. Is a drink sometimes offered?
Mandy speaks French very well.
5. French is spoken very well (by Mandy). ==== French is spoken very well by Mandy.
Tu je poudarjeno,da Mary govori dobro, zato jo moras omeniti brez oklepaja.
You write a lot of letters every week.
6. A lot of letters are written by you every week. === vrstni red cas pride na konec stavka. Kraj pride pred cas. To je pomembno pravilo in zveni najbolj naravno. Obratno, kot si ti napisala ni slovnicno res narobe, ampak ne zveni naravno. Vrstni red se lahko zamenja, ce bi sicer stavek postal dvoumen.
She sells eggs at the market every week.
7. Eggs are sold by her at the market every week. ===vrstni red. Pomembno je, da ona prodaja jajca, in ne nekdo drug.
Where do you usually spend your holiday?
8. Where is your holiday spent usually? XXXX Krizci, ker si imela veliko napako.
They always tell me the truth.
9. The truth is always told to me. Spet pomembno, da meni povedo resnico.
I ride my bike every day.
10. My bike is ridden every day by me.